Čtvrtek 15. července, 7:30 - TrestOnline
Nejvyšší soud se ve svém usnesení zabýval otázkou, jakou formu právního jednání představují stanovy občanského sdružení. Ve své argumentaci se zaobírá i podstatou trestného činu porušení povinnosti při správě cizího majetku a právní povahou předmětu převodu.
Okresní soud v Hodoníně uznal vinným muže z přečinu porušení povinnosti při správě cizího majetku podle §220 odst. 1, odst 2 písm b) trestního zákoníku.
Obviněný jako předseda občanského sdružení RSM Baník Šardice, o.s. zavázal sdružení k převodu umělého povrchu fotbalového hřiště, které bylo ve vlastnictví tohoto sdružení, za podmínek, že nedojde ke schválení převodu práv a povinností z občanského sdružení RSM Hodonín, o.s. (jež je zastoupené rovněž obviněným) na občanské sdružení MSK Kyjov, o.s. a za podmínky, že nedojde k vrácení dotace ve výši 2 000 000 Kč, poskytnuté občanskému sdružení RSM Hodonín, o.s.
Svým jednáním obviněný porušil smluvně převzatou povinnost spravovat cizí majetek. Občanskému sdružení RSM Baník Šardice, o.s. pak tím měl způsobit značnou škodu. Obviněný byl proto za tento přečin odsouzen k trestu odnětí svobody v délce 15 měsíců, jehož výkon byl podmíněně odložen na zkušební dobu 30 měsíců.
Proti rozsudku soudu prvního stupně podal obviněný odvolání ke Krajskému soudu v Brně, které však soud zamítl jako nedůvodné.
Obviněný se rozhodl podat dovolání mimo jiné kvůli tomu, že se přečinu, který je mu kladen za vinu, dopustit nemohl. K převodu umělého povrchu fotbalového hřiště totiž nedošlo, jelikož dohoda o převodu je absolutně neplatná z důvodu chybějícího podpisu místopředsedy představenstva občanského sdružení RSM Baník Šardice, o.s.. Obviněný proto navrhl, aby Nejvyšší soud usnesení soudu prvního stupně a soud u odvolacího zrušil a věc přikázal soudu prvního stupně k novému projednání.
Nejvyšší soud k tomu uvedl, že pro zodpovězení otázky neplatnosti dohody je podstatné určit právní povahu předmětu převodu (umělý povrch fotbalového hřiště). Nejvyšší soud se v minulosti již zabýval ve své judikatuře právní povahou umělého povrchu tenisového dvorce či venkovní terasy. V nyní posuzovaném případě, tak Nejvyšší soud dospěl k názoru, že umělý povrch fotbalového hřiště tvoří součást pozemku a nelze jej bez obtíží a porušení jeho podstaty přenést. Proto Nejvyšší soud má za to, že umělý povrch fotbalového hřiště je součást pozemku, na kterém je umístěn, a nikoli samostatnou věcí. Nemůže být předmětem občanskoprávního vztahu. Právní následky dohody o převodu umělého povrchu hřiště tak nenastaly, protože dohoda je v důsledku špatně definovaného předmětu převodu neurčitá a jejím předmětem je plnění nemožné. Z těchto důvodů je smlouva absolutně neplatná. V důsledku neplatnosti Smlouvy o převodu umělého povrchu fotbalového hřiště tak k převodu nedošlo, a proto ani nemohlo dojít k újmě na majetku občanského sdružení RSM baník Šardice, o.s. Obviněný se ale mohl dopustit téhož trestného činu ve stádiu pokusu.
Nejvyšší soud také upozornil na vadu ve výroku o vině v rozsudku soudu prvního stupně. Nenalezl totiž specifikaci smluvní povinnosti, kterou obviněný porušil. Trestného činu porušení povinnosti při správě cizího majetku se může dopustit jen speciální subjekt, který je nositelem povinnosti opatrovat nebo spravovat cizí majetek. Taková povinnost může být uložena buď zákonem, nebo smlouvou. Obviněný na základě stanov občanského sdružení RSM Baník Šardice, o.s. byl odpovědný za hospodaření tohoto sdružení a také byl oprávněn jednat vždy spolu s místopředsedou představenstva. Skutečnost, že nemůže sám zavázat občanské sdružení k převodu umělého povrchu fotbalového hřiště, mu musela být známá, protože se na tvorbě stanov sám podílel. Nejvyšší soud se ztotožnil s názorem soudů nižšího stupně, podle něhož odpovědnost obviněného vymezana stanovami: ,, je smluvně převzatou povinností opatrovat nebo spravovat cizí majetek ve smyslu ustanovení § 220 odst. 1 tr. zákoníku o trestném činu porušení povinnosti při správě cizího majetku, neboť stanovy lze považovat za smlouvu sui generis.”
Z výše uvedených důvodů Nejvyšší soud napadené usnesení nižších soudů zrušil a přikázal věc Okresnímu soudu v Hodoníně k novému projednání.
| Odpovědnost pachatele za hospodaření občanského sdružení (spolku) vymezená jeho stanovami je smluvně převzatou povinností opatrovat nebo spravovat cizí majetek ve smyslu ustanovení § 220 odst. 1 tr. zákoníku o trestném činu porušení povinnosti při správě cizího majetku, neboť stanovy lze považovat za smlouvu sui generis. (Usnesení Nejvyššího soudu ze dne 19. 4. 2016, sp. zn. 5 Tdo 80/2016) |
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