1. 10. 2023

Řidič, který srazil ženu, byl Ústavním soudem zproštěn viny

Řidič byl shledán vinným přečinem těžkého ublížení na zdraví z nedbalosti. Toho se měl dopustit tím, že se jako řidič osobního motorového vozidla dostatečně nevěnoval řízení a nesledoval situaci v provozu na pozemní komunikaci, v důsledku čehož narazil do ženy přecházející vozovku. Konkrétně měla být pozornost stěžovatele odpoutána chováním manžela poškozené, který stál na protější straně vozovky a značně gestikuloval […]

Řidič byl shledán vinným přečinem těžkého ublížení na zdraví z nedbalosti. Toho se měl dopustit tím, že se jako řidič osobního motorového vozidla dostatečně nevěnoval řízení a nesledoval situaci v provozu na pozemní komunikaci, v důsledku čehož narazil do ženy přecházející vozovku. Konkrétně měla být pozornost stěžovatele odpoutána chováním manžela poškozené, který stál na protější straně vozovky a značně gestikuloval a hlasitě volal na poškozenou, která přecházela vozovku mimo přechod a ne kolmo k místu, kam měla namířeno.  

V daném případě proto soudy řešily, zda řidič vždy musí předpokládat porušení pravidel silničního provozu jinými účastníky. V tomto případě obecné soudy shledaly řidiče vinným z nedbalostního trestného činu.  

Ústavní soud se však ve svém nálezu z 4.1. 2021, sp. zn. II. ÚS 1711/20, s jejich závěry neztotožnil.  

“V posuzované věci stěžovatel projížděl zřejmě rychlostí do 36 km/hod. po místní komunikaci před osmou hodinou večerní. Situace, kterou vytvořili dva dospělí účastníci silničního provozu v jeden okamžik na dvou místech vozovky neopatrným a bezohledným chováním, byla neočekávatelná a objektivně stěží zvladatelná. Dospělý účastník silničního provozu stojící na kraji vozovky, který nápadně gestikuluje, může být nepředvídatelnou situací v provozu. Odpovědnost za škodlivý následek může být dána pouze v situaci, kdy bude prokázáno, že řidič gestikulujícímu účastníku věnoval pozornost nepřiměřeně dlouho a tím porušil potřebnou míru opatrnosti. Hledisko vyššího věku manžela poškozené a poškozené, kteří se pohybovali bez viditelných známek omezení, za daných okolností nehraje roli. Není proto důvod na posuzovanou věc princip omezené důvěry v dopravě neaplikovat.” 

V projednávaném případě Ústavní soud dospěl k závěru, že obecné soudy porušily právo stěžovatele chráněné článkem 36 odst. 1 Listiny, neboť dospěly k vadnému závěru o existenci nedbalostního zavinění stěžovatele, aniž by tento závěr vyplýval z jejich skutkových zjištění a z provedených důkazů. Proto věc vrátil k Obvodnímu soudu pro Prahu 2. 

Usnesení je dostupné zde.  

https://www.usoud.cz/aktualne/vyhlaseni-nalezu-ustavniho-soudu-sp-zn-ii-us-1711-20-dne-4-ledna-2021-rozhodnuti-zverejnene-s-tiskovou-zpravou

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