1. 10. 2023

Účast v cizích ozbrojených skupinách zřejmě bude samostatný trestný čin

Působení v nestátních ozbrojených skupinách v cizině zřejmě bude samostatný trestný čin, za který bude hrozit až pětileté vězení. Předpokládá to vládní novela trestního zákoníku, kterou dnes schválila Sněmovna. Odmítla k ní připojit návrh změny v nutné obraně známé jako „můj dům, můj hrad“, jak je prosazuje opoziční hnutí SPD. Předloha, která přinese i další změny a reaguje na některé evropské směrnice, nyní zamíří k posouzení do Senátu. Stejné novely předkládala vláda už v minulém volebním období. Sněmovna je ale nestihla projednat. S nynější ruskou vojenskou invazí na Ukrajinu tak současná předloha bezprostředně nesouvisí.

Trestní zákoník zná nyní trestný čin služby v cizích ozbrojených silách. Týká se ale pouze českých občanů a není možné jej použít na působení v nestátních skupinách, například v povstaleckých silách nebo v různých útvarech, které ve skutečnosti státem nejsou. Čin účasti na teroristické skupině lze zase použít jen v případě, že se prokáže teroristický charakter uskupení, stojí ve zdůvodnění.

Nový trestný čin nazvaný „účast na nestátní ozbrojené skupině zaměřené na působení v ozbrojeném konfliktu“ nebude vyžadovat, aby byl pachatel formálně členem takové skupiny. Postačí, když do daného státu odcestuje s úmyslem zapojit se do bojové činnosti uskupení.

Poslanci SPD neprosadili návrh, aby lidé mohli použít zbraň v případě, že by někdo neoprávněně vnikl do jejich obydlí za použití násilí či pohrůžky násilím a vyvolal by oprávněnou obavu, že ohrožuje život či zdraví bránící se a případně i jiné osoby. Nyní vymezuje trestní zákoník nutnou obranu jako čin, který by byl jinak trestný, ale protože odvrací hrozící nebo trvající útok na zájem chráněný trestními předpisy, za trestný čin se nepovažuje. „Nejde o nutnou obranu, byla-li obrana zcela zjevně nepřiměřená způsobu útoku,“ dodává předpis.

V další části předlohy Sněmovna upravila nárok obětí kriminality na peněžitou pomoc od státu. Vláda původně navrhovala, aby byl opět podmíněn prokázáním zhoršení jejich sociální situace. Úprava reagovala podle důvodové zprávy k předloze na problematický výklad jednoho z ustanovení. Dolní komora schválila pozměňovací návrh Heleny Válkové a Taťány Malé (obě ANO), podle kterého bude stát dál vázán rozhodnutím soudu o výši náhrady, výklad má být jednoznačný. Válková dnes uvedla, že řešení nepokládá za konečné, když soudy podle ní nebudou moci ukládat náhradu škody v takovém rozsahu jako dosud. Obě poslankyně uspěly ve Sněmovně v souladu s doporučením ústavně-právního výboru také s úpravou, jež prodlouží lhůtu pro podání žádosti o peněžitou pomoc dětským obětem sexuálních trestných činů.

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